See Circadian rhythm, Conditioned insomnia, Familial fatal insomnia, Jet lag, Pseudoinsomnia, Rebound insomnia, REM sleep, Sleep disorder, Sleep-onset insomnia. insomnia Sleep disorders The perceived or actual inability to sleep one's usual amount of time a condition characterized by any combination of difficulty with falling asleep, staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness, and early-morning awakening episodes may be transient, short-term–lasting 2 to 3 wks, or chronic Triggers Illness, depression, anxiety, stress, poor sleep environment, caffeine, abuse of alcohol, heavy smoking, physical discomfort, daytime napping, medical conditions, poor sleep habits–eg, early bedtime, excessive time awake in bed Examples Psychophysiologic–learned insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome, hypnotic dependent sleep disorder, stimulant dependent sleep disorder. The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Numerous papers and guidelines to support evidence-based practice in the management of insomnia are available by writing to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 6301 Bendel Road NW, Suite 101, Rochester, MN 55901 or looking at their web site at. Nonpharmacologic treatments that have strong research support include the following: stimulus control to retrain the person who is unable to sleep so that he or she re-associates the bed and bedroom with sleep progressive muscle relaxation paradoxical intention therapy where the patient stays awake to eliminate performance anxiety related to sleep biofeedback and multi-component (cognitive) therapy. Specific medications for sleep, such as sedatives, hypnotics, and other agents are frequently used but are often asociated with development of tolerance, or with rebound insomnia when they are discontinued. Physical and mental health problems must be addressed, although they cannot always be successfully treated. The treatment of insomnia must be individualized, based on the underlying cause. Fatigue, irritability, reduction in memory, and loss of ability to concentrate are among the daytime manifestations of insomnia.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that health care practitioners should screen all patients for symptoms of insomnia during health examinations. The causes may be physical, psychological, psychiatric, or presence of a specific sleep disorder.
The frequency of persistent insomnia is high epidemiologic data indicate that it is the most common sleep disorder in the industrialized world. Abnormal wakefulness a sleep disorder consisting of an inability to fall asleep easily or to remain asleep throughout the night.
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